The Poverty Of New Zealand - 1144 Words

You would like to believe that New Zealand, a well-developed country, is a great place for children to live. For most of us that is true however there is still a concerning amount of children who live in poverty. Since the late 1980’s and early 1990’s there has been an increase in child poverty of around 15 percent (Boston, 2014). Currently the New Zealand government spends up to ten billion dollars a year on attempting to solve child poverty and yet still as many as 25 percent of children, which is roughly about 270,000 children, currently live in poverty in New Zealand, (Expert Advisory Group on solutions to Child Poverty (EAG), 2012), (Boston McIntosh, 2012). Poverty in New Zealand means experiencing hunger, food insecurity, reduced life expectancy, poor health outcomes, debt, inability to afford required medical care, unaffordable or crowded housing and not being able to fully participate in society (Haultain, 2012). This is an issue that urgently needs to be resol ved as poverty can have some serious negative impacts on people’s lives. (EAG, 2012). While Maori are represented within all socioeconomic areas of New Zealand society, Maori are currently over-represented in poverty statistics. Maori children are far more likely to be exposed to the impacts and effects of poverty than the average child. (Simpson, Duncanson, Oben, Wicken Pierson. 2015). There are around 13 percent of Maori children that are effected by severe poverty compared to only five percent ofShow MoreRelatedDefining Poverty Of New Zealand Essay728 Words   |  3 PagesDefining poverty in New Zealand New Zealand lacks an ‘official’ definition of poverty and internationally, is not alone in its failure to do so. However, there is in certain OECD countries, definitions that could be adjusted and refined to define poverty within a New Zealand context, and we should in the first instance, adopt Ireland’s model for that purpose. Introduction Defining poverty is a consensual and contextual process difficult to achieve from the subjective view alone as everyone has theirRead MoreChild Poverty in New Zealand1119 Words   |  5 PagesChild poverty is a major and complex issue that New Zealand faces today. The degree is far more severe than the publics perception and it is a problem that we cannot afford to ignore. A combination of factors contributes to child poverty, from individual causes at the micro level to the macro collective government involvement. This occurs partly due to social construction and it is potentially avoidable. The consequences can impact on both individual and to a great extent affect significantly onRead MoreChild Poverty Is A Reality New Zealand Essay1463 Words   |  6 PagesChild Poverty is a reality New Zealand. An ongoing health issue in New Zealand is poverty in children. Children are now living without the basic necessities each day in summer and winter to protect against New Zealand weather conditions. General needs that most New Zealanders take advantage of such as shoes that cover and protect their feet, raincoats that keep them dry walking to school and sunblock to protect from cancer in the future, are lacking for children in poverty. Poverty in children isRead MoreStructural Inequality Of The New Zealand1349 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: The presence of child poverty in New Zealand has been a long standing issue since before the 1990’s and continues to be prevalent in today’s New Zealand. Although child poverty can be linked to multiple causes, there is one major cause that is not widely discussed enough within the political world of New Zealand. This is the issue of structural inequality creating an unjust welfare system which perpetuates stereotypes and damages the support that beneficiaries are provided by our governmentRead MoreThe Consequences Of Child Poverty1188 Words   |  5 PagesChild poverty is not only referring to the phenomenon of children living in poverty, but also experiencing deprivation of the material, spiritual and emotional resources needed to survive, develop and thrive, leaving them unable to enjoy their rights, achieve their full potential or participate as full and equal members of society (United Nations, 2007). It seems to be the situation happening in the developing countr ies. However, children from developed countries as New Zealand are also sufferingRead MoreChild Poverty : An Advancing Social Issue Essay1568 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout this paper, discussions will take place on, child poverty, an advancing social issue in New Zealand. Also, reasons why child poverty is a social issue in New Zealand will be debated. In addition, key concepts of three core sociological perspectives; structural functionalism, symbolic interactionism and conflict perspective will be explored. Followed by, explanations of child poverty in New Zealand, from each of the three perspectives will be given in order to explore the different viewpointsRead MoreChild Poverty And Its Effects On Children1214 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Child poverty has become one of the most significant ongoing issues in New Zealand. According to the Child Poverty Monitor Technical Report in 2013, one out of four New Zealand children are growing up in poverty and one out of six are growing up without meeting the basic needs such as adequate and nutritious food, health care, adequate clothing and housing. Ten percent of the New Zealand children are at the hardest end of poverty and sixty percent of children living in poverty will likely liveRead MoreCyclical Oppression Of New Zealand : How One Of The Fairest?1699 Words   |  7 PagesCYCLICAL OPPRESSION IN NEW ZEALAND: How one of the â€Å"fairest† states in the world is overflowing with inequality Isaac Karlan-Mason Peoples and Politics of New Zealand Alan Tidwell Fall 2015 The Maori population, which makes up 15% of the total New Zealand population, is the second largest ethnic group within the country, falling behind Europeans who make up 74% of the total population. While the Maori are considered to be a critical and equal part of the New Zealand economy and cultureRead MoreChildren s Development And Effective Parenting Essay1400 Words   |  6 Pagesdiversity including, poverty, family form, and children with disabilities. Throughout these discussion papers our roles as educators when working with children and their families within each of these areas of diversity are addressed. These papers unpack inclusive practices for working with young children and their families with differing abilities from a range of socio-economic backgrounds. In Aotearoa New Zealand we live in a society where some children and families live in poverty, the most commonRead MoreA Report On The Boot Foundation Essay1366 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: The Boot Foundation This business proposal aims at starting a new business, the Boot Foundation, as a solution to children poverty in New Zealand. The Boot Foundation sales all types of footwear, both men’s and women’s, and of multiple purposes. The Boot Foundation targets the premium market – the goal of Boot Foundation is to sell the shoes at a slightly higher cost than the industry average, so that the profit can be used to maintain the operation of the business and, at the same

FIN444 HW WK3 Example

Essays on FIN444 HW WK3 Assignment Task: Insurance policies Introduction This work is a discussion of various insurance policies purchased by different individuals. The policies that are the foundation of this paper are HO-3, PAP, DP-1 and DP-3. The responses to the questions are provided below each question. That is. Q1a, 1b†¦. as done below. Q1 A: HO-3 policy is an insurance policy that provides indemnification for loss and risks to properties. The coverage provided under this policy settles claims because of physical loss to the insured dwelling place. The dwelling place is to means personal home and any other property within the insured dwelling. However, this policy is limited to the included perils as mentioned in the policy statement. Endorsements are the additional insurance coverage that is excluded by section 1 of the H0-3 policy. On that note, Lucia and her husband should consider the following three endorsements: the inflation guard, coverage for earthquake and scheduled personal property (Mehr 237-45). Q1B: the endorsement for inflation guard would increase the coverage for A, B, C and D. Coverage A concerns temporary loss of use of dwelling place. Payment would be made to cover for rental expenses of staying elsewhere. As a result, the overall amount of premium paid by Lucia and her husband will increase. Secondly, earthquake coverage, if included, would introduce allowance for any coverage that benefits Lucia and her husband. Lastly, the inclusion of scheduled personal property endorsement has the influence of pushing up the amount of premium paid by Lucia and her husband (Mehr 237-45). Q1C (a): section II under personal liability provides to pay for such accidents caused directly by the insured at her permanent or temporary premise. However, the full payment of $ 60,000 will be provided because this policy has a limit of $ 100,000 (Mehr 237-45). Q1C (b): section II under personal liability provides for such coverage. Since the architecture is related to Lucia, the whole amount of the claim will be settled considering that the limit for this coverage is $ 100,000. Moreover, the amount claimed is $ 40,000 (Mehr 237-45). Q1C (c): section I will provide coverage for the claim because the damage was done by the insured and there is a provision for such claim under personal liability (Mehr 237-45). Q2 A: the following coverage is available under PAP: first, liability coverage that protects the insured against a claim and suit filed during the ownership of a covered automobile. Second, medical payment coverage that settles medical and funeral expenses in the event of an accident in an insured vehicle. Third, uninsured motorist coverage that settles the expenses because of bodily injury caused by uninsured third party. Fourth, coverage for damage to your auto in which the insurer settles the expenses arising from accidents. Fifth, duties after an accident, which requires a prompt report to the policy and the insurance company by the insured. Lastly, general provision provides coverage within the U.S, Canada and Puerto Rico (Mehr 157-99). Q2B: Kim should purchase liability, medical payment and uninsured motorist coverage. The reason is, Kim is still young and energetic and the college environment is full of diverse of personalities thus prone to more accidents. Kim should also consider that most students’ vehicles might not be insured. Uninsured motorist coverage would help in this case (Mehr 157-99). Q2C: Kim should avoid purchasing the following insurance policies: duties after the accident and the general provision. The reason is, whether the insured purchases â€Å"duties after accident coverage† or not, the police and the insurance company must still be informed in case of any accident. Secondly, Kim is still a student and in the event of touring outside the U.S, he could use public means of transportation to minimize on costs (Mehr 157-99). Q2D (I): Kim’s insurance policy would cover the injured party’s claims up to the limit of the policy (Mehr 157-99). Q2D (II): Kim’s insurer would not provide indemnification because driving while drunk is a failure of responsibility (Mehr 157-99). Q2D (III): Kim’s policy provides for exclusion of indemnification in case the insured’s vehicle is used to provide transportation service. Consequently, Kim would get no coverage for the damage (Mehr 157-99). Q2D (IV): Kim’s insurer would not settle any claim because the vehicle involved in the accident is not insured under Kim’s name (Mehr 157-99). Q2D (v): Kim’s insurance policy would not pay for the loss since the car was rented (Mehr 157-99). Q2E: Kim’s policy does not cover for the motorcycle unless she purchased a policy strictly for a motorcycle (Mehr 157-99). Q3A: Fred faces a major property and financial loss. A property loss would be caused by the floods. In the event, he risks losing the house, the boat and his dogs and any other household property. On the other hand, the financial loss would by losing the value of the mentioned properties in the event of a flood (Mehr 242-77). Q3B: First, the section II of HO-3 provides for personal liability coverage, whereas, DP-3 and DP-1 do not provide for personal liability coverage. Second, in DP-3 policy, the residential theft coverage is available as an endorsement whereas, HO-3 has no supplement for residential theft coverage. Lastly, HO-3 policy provides for medical coverage, whereas, both DP-1 and DP-3 do not (Mehr 242-77). Q3C: HO-3, DP-1 and DP-3 do not cover for perils caused directly or indirectly by flood. Therefore, Fred would not be compensated in the event of loss (Mehr 242-77). Q3D: Fred should purchase personal liability coverage together with DP-3 in order to reduce the risk caused by suit for damages of other people’s property and/or injuries to other people (Mehr 242-77). Q3E: Fred should purchase flood insurance in order to be compensated in the event that he loses his home to imminent flood (Mehr 242-77). Works Cited Mehr, Robert I. Fundamentals of Insurance, Homewood, Ill: Irwin, 1986. Print.

Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry System †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry System. Answer: Introduction Healthy aging is about optimizing prospects for a better health for the elderly people. This is to enable the elder people to take an active part in the society without any discrimination. This will make them earn an independent and a life of high quality. It is important to understand that aging is never a burden and should not reduce any individual's ability to contribute to the society. Many older people always make very valuable and significant contributions to the society management (Onyx Warburton, 2013). Prioritising healthy aging is important to the society in many ways. It will develop a chance for continued social, cultural and economic involvement which will both benefit the aging individual as well as the broader community. It will also lead to an increased demand economically on health and its support systems (Bowling, 2011). It is therefore a big responsibility for healthcare professionals to ensure that they carry out their duties perfectly to ensure that the benefits of healthy living are achieved. Besides educating and facilitating healthy aging, they also act as role models to the aging population and to the society at large. They also carry out a lot of research on different ways of improving healthy aging and how to implement them in the society. They also play a role in advocating for rights of the aging population to ensure they live a normal life (Depp Jeste, 2014). This essay is about showcasing concrete examples of interventions to improve health promotions in the society, identifying enterprises and making vital resources about healthy aging available. This is to purposefully create awareness on the stages or phases that are of importance to make healthy aging become a reality. For the health assessment, I carried out a short interview with an older individual of around sixty-two years of age. The interview was carried out in a bid to discover more about the aging process. My interview was based on different methods of promoting healthy aging. Joseph, my interviewee for this purpose, is the oldest of two brothers and one sister. Both parents died several years back at a somewhat surprising younger age. He is currently living his old days in a quiet residential area away from town and noise. I visited him in his home where I carried out the interview (Kendig Browning, 2011). The set-up of the interview was to analyze the physical, psychological, environmental, sociocultural and politico-economic factors and ideas on the challenges faced by the aging population and their views on how to overcome these factors with a sole aim of improving healthy aging. My interview was based on sets of pre-designed questions on several activities of living. The activities included-; Maintaining a safe environment Communicating Eating and drinking Breathing Personal cleansing and dressing Working and playing Expressing sexuality Controlling body temperature Dying Mobilising Sleeping etc. From the interview, one clear fact is that the older people view aging as a natural progression laid out by God.' Joseph clearly points out that he is not at any point afraid of death. He instead views each day he lives as a special gift, one that is just normal and a natural development. Besides the several pains and worries that often come with aging, Joseph adds that another positive factor that also comes along with aging is the wisdom levels that keep improving. This enables these elderly individuals to have the chance to continue learning about oneself and grow together with those around them. It is also worth noting that there are several worries with aging and according to Joseph, these concerns are reflected on financial issues as well as the effort he has put to ensure he is living a healthy lifestyle (Holmes Joseph, 2011). To enable me to gather the information that I required for my research, I employed one on one interview technique. I sat down with Mr. Joseph and asked him questions that I required. My questions for discussions were already planned much earlier having focused on the type of requirements that I was looking for. My questions were generally open-ended and this enabled my Mr. Joseph to openly give his views on the topic brought forward. I was also able to seek clarification on issues that he did clearly explain as well as those not clearly understood. Mr. Joseph was always friendly and very willing to give more explanations in order to drive his point home. This made my interview a great success as I was able to gather virtually all information that I required (Luanaigh Lawlor, 2013). From the interview and other secondary sources, I was able to compile some of the factors that enhance healthy living and those that act as barriers to the same as discussed below. Managing health- these older people have a role to play in ensuring they properly manage their health. It is recommended that they seek help from healthcare providers in order to understand the treatment and also how to follow their directions. They ought to be aware of the possible effects of illness such as self-esteem, emotions and their ability to relate well to others. They should always talk to the professionals in case they see anything that is not usual (Rodrigues, Lamura, 2012). Healthy eating- they should always eat a wide range of foods according to the dietary guidelines. Active living it is important that they maintain at least 30 minutes a day of intense aerobic activity such as brisk walking. Also, they should carry out flexibility, balance and strength activities. Reducing harmful alcohol and drug use aiming for an alcohol-free life for an aging individual. If that is not possible then they should at least restrict their consumption of alcohol to one or two drinks a day. Enhance tobacco-free life- completely quitting smoking will prove beneficial to their own health and also to those closely associated with them. Those elderly people trying to quit smoking should be fully supported and never be criticised if at all they get tempted to try smoking again. Improving mental health this can be achieved by getting enough sleep, having good and balanced meals and regularly exercising. Having quality time with friends and family will help them be in the right state of mind (Sheriff Chenoweth, 2013). Reflect on process and new learning There have been several mechanisms put in place to improve clinical practices and health outcomes. The cyclical processes that are aimed at achieving improved clinical practice have been suggested. Most importantly, written actionable evidence guidelines have been adopted. This aims at prioritizing vital recommendations and also showing the heights of adoption needed for improved health care. There have also been developments in implementation plans that reflect on skills training and accreditation. Several pilot tests that gauge the effectiveness of proposed approaches that would help in achieving the clinical changes that have been desired (Oxley, 2010). Conclusion This essay on healthy living tends to confirm that there still are many unanswered emotions involving the aging process. These concerns have always been expressed by many aging individuals and they emphasize on nutritional health, loneliness, fear of losing autonomy and a potential financial difficulty. It is therefore important for nurses and health professionals to address these issues raised by these elderly individuals. Having well-trained carers with good knowledge and skills will bring insight and valuable resources to enable the older people to live a normal life during their aging periods (World Health Organization, 2011). Reference List Bowling, A. (2011). Aspirations for older age in the 21st century: What is successful aging?. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 64(3), 263-297. Depp, C. A., Jeste, D. V. (2014). Definitions and predictors of successful aging: a comprehensive review of larger quantitative studies. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 14(1), 6-20. Holmes, W. R., Joseph, J. (2011). Social participation and healthy ageing: a neglected, significant protective factor for chronic non communicable conditions. Globalization and health, 7(1), 43. Kendig, H., Browning, C. (2011). Directions for ageing well in a healthy Australia. Dialogue (Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia), 30(2), 23. Luanaigh, C. ., Lawlor, B. A. (2013). Loneliness and the health of older people. International journal of geriatric psychiatry, 23(12), 1213-1221. Onyx, J., Warburton, J. (2013). Volunteering and health among older people: A review. Australasian Journal on Ageing, 22(2), 65-69. Oxley, H. (2010). Policies for healthy ageing: an overview. OECD Health Working Papers, (42), 0_1. Rodrigues, R., Lamura, G. (2012). Facts and figures on healthy ageing and long-term care. Vienna: European Centre for Social Welfare Policy and Research. Sheriff, J. N., Chenoweth, L. (2013). Promoting healthy ageing for those over 65 with the health check log: a pilot study. Australasian Journal on Ageing, 25(1), 46-49. World Health Organization. (2011). Healthy ageingadults with intellectual disabilities: summative report. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 14(3), 256-275.

The impact of computer innovation on commercial bank in nigeria free essay sample

Glory, honour and adoration are to God Almighty the alpha and omega for the opportunity given to me to pursue my career. I am expressing my sincere gratitude to my able and efficient Co-coordinator and Supervisor, Prince Madandola T. N. who tender heartedly to read through the script, offered useful suggestion and assistance and also for his motivation, patience and understanding which contributed to shaping the course of the study. My unreserved appreciation goes to my parents Mr. Ganiy Ibrahim and Mrs. Ayandokun for their support since I was born till date and forever. May they live long to reap the fruits of their labour. I am also grateful to my lecturers in the university, especially department of Computer Science. Also, I send gratitude to my course mate for their trust in me throughout the course of study. My special thanks to my brothers and sisters Ibrahim Kafayat, Ibrahim Monsurat, Adebayo habeeb, Adebayo fatimoh, Adebayo Barakat, Adebayo Hammed, Adebayo Ibrahim, Adebayo Taiye and Kehinde for their prayer throughout my study, I love you all. We will write a custom essay sample on The impact of computer innovation on commercial bank in nigeria or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page May you all obtain favour anywhere you face in life (Amen). I am ingrate if I forget to appreciate my Aunty and mummy Mrs. Yusuph M. for her motivation and encouragement throughout my schooling. If not for her I would have dropped out from J. S. S three. Life without the real friends is like a dark endless tunnel for this I say a big thank to you all, some of them include:- Azeez. Maruf, Lateef, Uthman, Nurudeen, Tajudeen, Sodiq2, Dayo, Ayobami, Olamide, Olaide, Gafar, Ahmed, Olumide, Zynab, Muideen, Muritala, Yusuf, Jamiu and others. I can’t thank you enough, I love you all. Also, I appreciate my wife to be Miss. Yinusa Abosede M. for her all time contribution, thank you so much. May God help you too? Finally, I thank all those who have been involved in one way or the other in my life. Thank you all. ABSTRACT This study was conducted to examine the impact of computer innovation on commercial banks in Nigeria a case study of United Bank for Africa. This research work has become necessary to investigate the issue in all ramifications, with the view to identify changes in the level of activities of commercial bank as a result of computer innovation in business organizations and commercial banking services. Although, computer have tendency to reduce labour force but it makes banking operation faster and efficient. Data were gathered after conducting a survey by administering questionnaire and granting personal interview. Simple percentage, bar chart and chi-square were used as statistical tools to analyzed data. Lastly, it was deduced during hypothesis testing process that all the null hypotheses were rejected and alternative hypothesis were accepted, it was agreed that computer innovation has positive impact on banking industry. TABLE OF CONTENTS Title page Certification Dedication Acknowledgement Abstract Table of Contents CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION Background to the Study Statement of the Problem Research Question Hypotheses Purpose of the Study Significance of the Study Delimitation Definition of Terms CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW Historical Background of computer History of computer in Nigeria Banking services in Nigeria History of United Bank for Africa Plc Role of Computer on the Banking Industry Importance of Computer in the Sector Effort of United Bank for Africa Plc in Computerization Problem facing computer Innovation in Nigeria These have brought about multiplicity of linkages and inter connection among the financial institution in the present world system. In this expansion of market scope, the process by which events, decision and achievements in one part of the world have significance effects on individuals, corporate organizations and even government on quite different part of the globe. The promotion of global financial system are facilitated by the fact technically, bankers can reach any part of the world in just a little time and part of the ability to integrate previously separate production functions. Over the last few years the initial computers, every newspaper, article relating to management, education of offices practice seem to refer to the computer revolution but what does computer really means? In essence, computer can be defined as a machine which accept data from an input device, performs arithmetical and logical operations in accordance with a predefined programme and finally transfers the processed data to an output device either for further processing or in find printed form, such as business documents schedules and management control reports. Background to the Study The computer system has inevitably asserted itself in almost all spheres of human endeavour because of its accuracy, efficiency and high processing data. In a fast growing technological and computer age, various efforts have been made and are still being made to develop computer programmes to enhance all area of human engagement. This is because of the need for information in any organization like the commercial banks. These demands for information exist because of: i. The need to provide current and historical banking record e. g its profit and loss account ii. Need for making short and long term decision iii. Need to provide information to customers and associate iv. Provide information to investors and share holders v. Provide information for regulatory agencies vi. Competitors also require information to plan their own strategies For any information to be useful it must be timely properly integrated. Concise available in proper format and relevant, Traditional information system failed to satisfy most of this and this is low the computer oriented management information system was develop and fast gaining ground. The growing presence of computer especially in Commercial Banks in the country is enjoyed and its benefit harnessed. The commercial bank by sheer size in relation to the financial system has experience growth as a result of computer innovation. A commercial bank is a financial institution of claims Akinuli O. defines commercial bank as a dealer in capital, a dealer in money. It is an intermediate party between a borrower and a lender. In Nigeria, a banking act of 1999 defined commercial bank as a business of receiving monthly from outside source and deposit respectively of the payment of interest order granting of money loan and acceptance of credit and cheques of the purchases and sales of security. Other financial institutions in Nigeria apart from the commercial banks are the central bank, Merchant banks, Agriculture bank, Mortgage bank, Development bank of all financial institutions in general and banks in particular the commercial bankers have distinguished themselves as the grant provider of wide range of deposit abilities and loan facilities to more customers. They are in business and as such, seek to maximize their profits. Commercial banking operations involve acceptance of deposits i. e. mobilization of funds, granting of advance i. e.  giving loans financing of commodity exports by granting credits to the marketing boards, acting as issuing houses for debentures, lending funds for business entities etc. A commercial bank is an open social system which affects and is affected by its environment. The commercial bank is made to realize its responsibility to both customers and the government in the society through its functions rendered. The commercial banks traditionall y will in fore – seeable future play a dominant role in the Nigeria financial system since they represent the system. They are also channel through which the monetary policies are affected and they account for a significant portions of the money supply inform of demand deposits. In performing all the above operations the commercial bank need the innovation of computer for effective delivery. The growing in the activities of commercial bank has necessitated the quality of services available. One of the first breaks through in country machine was the Chinese Abacus which Adds, subtracts, divides multiplier. In 1890, Herman Hollerith developed the first mechanical machines of calculating. He developed computing calculating machine, he finally developed computing recording company known as international business machine or IBM (Onasanya 1995). Computer usage is not limited to the banking industry alone. It is used in homes, establishment, schools, engineering firms and other places where calculations can be done with accuracy and accountability. Statement of the Problem The complexity of modern business demand for a system that is faster and efficient. In particular banking services has grown overtime application in all form, is inevitable hence the banks have urged there staff to brace up for their imperatives of modern banking by acquiring computer literacy skills. Among the problem this study intends to solve or proffer solution are:- i. Poor Technological know – how ii. Erratic power failure iii. Acquisition of obsolete equipment iv. Lack of technical skills v. Lack of capital Research question i. What impact in qualitative term does computer innovation have on the activity of commercial banks? ii. What global business effect or networking does computer innovation has on commercial banks? iii. Identify problems associated with rapid development of computer on the banking services Hypotheses For the purpose of this research work, some alternative hypotheses were formulated on the impact of computer innovation on commercial banks in Nigeria. These are:- i. There is a positive relationship in the introduction of computer in banks and their performance ii. There is drastic reduction in banking labour force in relationship with computer innovation iii. There is decline in workers performance/activity in relationship to introduction of computer in banking sector Purpose of the Study The main purpose of this study is to conduct empirical research highlighting the impact of computer innovation on the financial institution. Therefore, the specific purposes of this study are:- i. To find out changes (positive and negative) in the level of activity of commercial bank as a result of computer innovation ii. To know the extent in which computer innovation has promoted global business organization. iii. To find out how computer innovation make commercial bank services faster ad efficiency iv. To determine whether computer innovation reduces banking labour forces Significance of the Study However, by 1986 when SAP (structural adjusted programme) was introduced the forces unleashed by the liberalization and deregulation not only changed the structure of the banking industry, but also the content of services and banking business, leading to increased competition among banks, as well as between banks and other financial institution. This competition now is not only in the area of struggle for available clients, but also for skilled manpower, capital deposits and ability to use the relevant gadgets to speed-up banking transaction. Also the growing recognition to suit banking needs in Nigeria and elsewhere for sometime to come and continue to contribute towards improving the quality of services available. Indeed, with the emergency of the global digital economy and increased internationalization and competition, Nigeria banks must enlarge and deepen their technological base, if they are to viable domestically and competitive internationally. Delimitation This research will be conducted mainly on the commercial banks innovation of computer in Nigeria with particular attention drawn on United Bank for Africa Plc. For easiest conduct, the research will be limited to United Bank for Africa Ilorin main branch, though the success of this research depends on the cooperation of the organization. The organization might have fear of leakage of information to its competitor and the need to prevent fraud may make it difficult to get all the necessary data. Therefore, data integrate; data security and control will be maintained. The research was hampered by the location of this study and financial  constraints. The location was restricted to only Ilorin branch because not all the branches of UBA Plc have been computerized in the country. Researching the study to Ilorin branch area will definitely deny the researcher the opportunity of examining the mode of operations in other sates where the Bank also has enough branches. The researcher moves f rom the college to the field to source for materials, buying of textbooks, researchers modify expenditures by giving the research work a top priority, thereby overcoming the problem of finance. Definition of Term These are definition of some terms:- Computer: is a machine that stores information and can workout answer to sums very quickly, machine that accepts data (Harold, 1981). Computer can also be define as a powerful electronic device which has the capacity of arithmetic and logical operations on data and produce the result of these operations as information (Adebisi, 2004). Innovation: is an existing new idea or method that people are using for the first time. Economics: as a subject can be define as a social science which studies human behaviour as a relationship between ends and scarce means which have alternative uses (Oyeniyi, 1997). Chart:- is a map, large piece of paper with information on it in pictures and uniting Commercial bank: (or business bank) is a type of financial institution and intermediary, it is a bank that lends money and provides savings, and money market accounts and that accepts time deposit (Steven, 2003). Survey:- is the technique and science of collecting information Questionnaire: is a research instrument consisting of a series of questions and other prompt for the purpose of gathering information from respondents. (Mellengerh, 2008) Banking: is the business conducted or services offered by bank. CHAPTER TWO REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE In this study attempt has been made to research into the impact of computer innovation on commercial bank with special reference to United Bank of Africa plc. It is hoped that in the process of pursuing this goal, all good points as well as the inadequacies or short coming in our computerization will be highlighted. In delving into the practice of banking in relation to computerization a number of interesting literatures was reviewed. A computer can be define as an electronic device capable of accepting data automatically, perform some logical operation in order to produce a result known as information. Computer has made it possible to vast amount of information needed to increase the efficiency in production and management. Computers are device for processing information at high speed by electronic methods. It has the ability of accepting data, internally store and automatically executes a programme of instruction, reports the results. Computer systems compose of two broad categories operation. One category of programme is controls aspects of it operation, the other category consist of the application programme which instructs the computer to perform those procedure necessary to get job done. Historical Background of Computer The emergency of computers dated back to the 17th century B. C. when the first tool called Abacus was used. The first ABACUS was invented about 300 B. C. it used pebbles to perform simple additions and subtraction. The second type was the Chinese ABACUS which used wire and beads, it perform some operations as the first one but with increased speed and accuracy. In 1642, the French mathematician Blaise Pascal invented the first automatic calculator. In the early 1670’s a German mathematician Gottfreid with elonvon cerbruiz extended the usefulness of Pascal calculator (world book encyclopedia 1990 page 908-923). The most remarkable invention was that of the English mathematician, Charles Babbage. In 1830’s he invented a mechanical computer called analytical and difference engine. Therefore, the first successful computer a punched card system which used electricity was developed in 1980 by Herman Hollerith for calculation of census result. In 1896, Hollerith founded the tabulation machine company and some of the machines he developed were key machines, verifier, sorters and calculators most of Hollerith’s machines are incorporated into today’s modern computers. In 1911, Hollerith sold his share of the company and the name was changed to the computing tabulating recording company (C. T. R). In 1924, the name again changed to international business Machine Company (IBM) Vennever Bush, an America Electrical engineer developed a computer in 1930, he built the differential analysis which was the first analog computer. Some scientist and engineers saw greater computing potential in electronics therefore in 1939 Join V. Aranagost constructed the first semi-electronic computing device. This led to the manufacture of the first high speed electronic cod breaking computer, colossus I in Britain in 1943. In 1946, S. Prosper Jr. and John William Mauchily built the first full electronic digital called ENAIC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer). In 1951, Eckert and Mauchily invented a more advance computer called UNIVAC 1 (Universal Automatic computer). Invention or the history of computer development can essentially be classified into two main generations namely: Vacuum tubes series and Transistors (semi conductors). The invention of transistor in 1847 led to the production of faster and reliable electronic computer. The first personal computer, the ALTAIR was introduced in 1975 by a company called MITS and 1977 American students Steven P. Jobs and Stephen G. Klozatak introduced the apply II pc (Macmillan Encyclopedia). Already some computers utilize voices and hard written inputs and peripheral devices with speed. These are the first generation computers being programmed as automatic machines called Robots. These robots have the computer brain (processor) and cab perform complex routines. In the future, even more computing power will be smaller and more portable. As computer power increase, so did its speed. Computer researchers continue to seek ways to develop faster and more powerful machines and software. As computer improve, so it will operate in such powered batteries and they will not be limited to specialist alone, ordinary people of all ages rely on them for everyday use. All above activities set stage for introduction of the IBM personal computer. The dept of IBM, PC, using PC DOS occurred on Tuesday august 11, 1981 on the day a new stand took its place in the micro computer industry (Ifrah, 2001). History of Computer in Nigeria The computer system has inevitably asserted itself in all spheres of human endeavour of which banking is one because of its accuracy, efficiency, transfer of information and high speed in processing data. In the fast growing technological and computer age, various efforts have been made to develop computer programme to positively enhance all areas of human engagements. Micro computer has become a necessary adjunct to modern life. The micro computers service diverse interests and solve various problems to made life more comfortable and bearable both at home and in the professional fields in Nigeria. It was in 1964 that the computer (IBM 1401) made a quick entry into the Nigeria society. Today, there is a growing presence of the computer in the country. The oil and business sector enjoy its usage most which the benefit are being enjoyed by other sectors of the Nigeria economy. Several accounting and statistical computer were introduced. Database which is an integrated collection or ordered data about an organization with minimum depreciation as pool information for many users has the capacity:- i. To create and maintain a database ii. Extract all records and list them especially those that met certain conditions iii. Meet an enquiry (about a customer/employer) iv. Sort record in ascending or descending order v. Generate formatted reports with sub totals and totals The above capabilities are considered by nearly all the sectors in the economy. Computer development in Nigeria since its introduction moved to all spheres. Now that computer education has been introduced in many schools and institutions, computer science students can be encouraged to open research grounds between computer utilization and all practices. Computer has fond its way into business environment by automating many corporate functions. Areas covered include sales and marketing, accounting, engineering etc. computer has since been used in Nigeria for commercial purposes as well as for recreation. The level of use for both purposes in our society is likely to give and be more purposeful in the nearest future. It is reasonable to expect share differences between developing countries such as Nigeria. Banking Services in Nigeria In Nigeria, the earliest banking activities were carried out by Elder Demister and company in 1894. In 1894, the bank British for West Africa (now first bank) took over the backing business and remained as the sole bank in the country until 1917, when the colonial bank, Barclays bank D. C. O (now the union bank) opened offices in Jos, Kano and Port Harcourt. These two banks are still in operations. The first indigenous banking, the industrial and commercial bank was established in 1929 but failed in 1930. The Nigerian merchant bank was formed in 1931 and went out of business in 1936. In 1933, the national bank of Nigeria opened. The next important event was not until 1945, when the Agbonmagbe (now Wema bank) was established. The African continental bank was formed in 1946 as â€Å"Tinubu bank† and changed its name to its present formed in 1947. The United Bank for Africa formally the British and French ban was opened in 1949. These last four banks are of course still in existence but whilst they were being established seven banks were also coming into being and disappearing almost as quickly. The collapse for example of the Nigeria penny in 1946, where many depositors lost their money pointed to the need for legislators to protect the public. The first banking ordinance appeared in 1952 and rules that no bank would be allowed to operate without a license from the government. Apart from the banks in existence at that time, eighteen new banks were granted license (Olashore, 1984). By 1954, seventeen of those eighteen banks had closed and it was then evident that stronger, more effective laws be established. The central bank of Nigeria took over for ensuring monetary stability and a sound financial structure throughout the economy. Today, there are many commercial banks of which United bank for Africa Plc is one and many merchant banks in operation. These banks above have various role been performed in the country’s economy. History of United Bank for Africa PLC The United bank for Africa limited has its antecedents rooted in that of its precursor, the British and French bank limited. The British and French bank limited itself, metamorphosed from BNCI Paris, Banque national Pourle commerce et 1 industries (established in 1932). Messrs E. G. Hunger Buhler and C. H Baker arrived in Nigeria in early 1949 from BNCI, Paris, and lodge at the britistol Hotel, Lagos. Both men made initial arrangement for the setting up of the British and French bank. Mr. Hunger left shortly after the bank was established while Mr. Baker stayed back for a few years as an officer. Another big influence on the establishment of the bank was Mr. Herve Laroche. He was the head of the rapid growth of the new bank. In May 1949, the British and French bank began operations in Nigeria, at 117, broad street, Lagos which today houses a part of the king’s way store complex. The bank occupied a floor of the building at the junction of Davres and Broad Street, facing the breadfruit church. The bank officially opened to business in December 1949 with staff strength of twelve, its first general manager was a Frenchman Mr.J. Piporaud who died in 1950 while swimming at the bar beach, Victoria Island, Lagos. He was succeeded by Mr. g. Martin, another Frenchman. One February 23, 1961, the united bank for Africa limited was in cooperated to take over the assets and liabilities of the British and French bank. The official opening of the bank for business under the n ew name was on October 3, 1961. Its registered office was at 127-129 Broad Street, Lagos, Mr. f. Delajugie was first general manager. By 1961, the bank had grown from its one office to ten branches located in Lagos, Kano, Kaduna and Port Harcourt. The branches that pioneered this early development of the bank included Kano branch established in 1954, Ebute Metta branch (May 1955), Apapa warehouse road branch (October 1956) and Lagos east (December 1958), At present, the bank has over 200 branches and staff strength of approximately 11,000. The bank had mapped out training programme of different kinds for its staff. Apart from attending courses at different levels at its staff training centre, some staff attends outside courses relevant to their jobs both locally and overseas. Role of Computer in the Banking Industryi. In invention and development of computer, it’s helpful devices which ease the burden of calculation and assistance to human effort. ii. Introduction of computer system reduces labour and cost activity to be performed by many workers are being done only by a machine iii. A computer is needed in banking industry for performing simple arithmetic and provides storage of data, for example, balance in customers major roles the storage stores the result of operation of the bank for future references. iv. One of it role can be seen also in foreign exchange transaction. It can easily convert the local currency. It can also give movement of stock and share in the stock exchange v. In the banking department it has enhance cashier cashing facilities checking balances etc. vi. The computer system can be used in the personal department of the industry in preparing employer payment, record of services, date of employee’s records. All the above are some role the computer is used for in the banking industry especially to the various department we have in the bank such as human resources, insurance, register, department etc.  it is seen that the machine carries out manual function many times faster than human being (Busola 1999) Important of Computer in the Sector The important of computer in the national development and the whole world cannot be over emphasized. A growing awareness of its importance has resulted in a proliferation of computer literacy sources. Importance of computer shows some area of computer appreciation which cut across many sph eres of human endeavour like education, government, defense, health utilities, agriculture, mining and of course business. The most visible appreciation apparent to most people is in the airline industry, banks and engineering. In 1984, it was predicted that dictators will use the computer to reduce the world. This is no doubt, following the rate of appreciation of computers in developing and underdeveloped countries, this statement will certainly come to pass. Basically, computers are useful in the following areas of application:- i. Architects, Engineers, land surveyor, use computer as aid to design bridges, machines or collecting related design on internet. ii. In business application such as sale and analysis, invoicing to read prices from special codes iii. Medical applications, computers are used to keep medical records, to store the history of patients and the degree of response to past treatment etc. iv. In law, they are used for information retrieval abstracts cases are stored and indexed in the computer v. For the government, they are used for compiling census and survey data. They are also used in planning and forecasting vi. Also in the business sector or houses such as banks, accounting forms, insurance companies etc. most application of computers in these companies are in the area of financial management and management information system vii. Educational applications like processing exam result. Today computers have made their task easier, less risky and less time consuming and more profitable Effort of United Bank for Africa Plc in Computerization Plans are being worked out to spread computerization into all branches of UBA plc. New application have been developed and one expected that by the year (2002) computerization of all state branches capitals and other urban branches must have been completed, since they were unable to achieve this, they hope for 2015. The computer systems that have been implicated have had their impact on the way the bank does things. The share registration system has hoped in their desire to satisfy their customer needs. When the system was implemented in 1977 we were registered to only 12 companies but today UBA plc is registered to many companies, with the number of companies now managed by the systems is expected to be on the upsurge. The branch accounting system that presently serves the Lagos area branches have provided the management of the branches with information that enhances the day to day activities of branch operations. This system is expected to enter its second phase whereby the customer will be able to device more direct benefit from the computerization program (Beryl 2006). Management now has an improved internal control system. Management efficiency is improved with provision of better, prompt and accuracy reports. Appreciable cost savings have been achieved through computerization with a reduction in overtime hours. Problem Facing Computer Innovation in Nigeria This project identifies apparent and real problems confronting the introduction and innovation of computer in the Nigeria banking sector. These are some of the problems:- i. Poor technological know how ii. Erratic power failure iii. Acquisition of obsolete equipment iv. Lack of technical skills v. Lack of capital In Nigeria, computer industry has not been established. Therefore, everything is controlled by advanced industrialization world. The purchase of the system and of sphere parts which requires hard currency and technological support and also to give constant training to user of the system are also a problem, in order to make it attractive for competent and responsible expatriated to come, a lot of money to maintain them, pay them in foreign exchange and after attractive leave grant. Many researches carried out by eminent personal with intention to see how computer can be incorporated into Nigeria education curriculum at all levels. The government should see to it that at least 85% of Nigeria populace will be computer literate by the year 2020. CHAPTER THREE METHODOLOGY This research study deals with the significance of computer innovation on commercial banks in Nigeria. It has become necessary to study the effect that computerization has both on the staff and customers of United bank for Africa plc (UBA) as the case study. This study will be conducted using primary source of information. It involves the administration of questionnaire of multiple choices serial to a cross section of staff of united bank for Africa plc Ilorin main branch. Also a good deal of information will come through other sources such as textbook, journals on banking U. B. A periodic books etc. The data collected will be subjected to statistical analysis using table simple chart, bar chart and chi-square. The important topic to be discussed in this chapter include:- i. Research design ii. Population iii. Sample and sampling techniques iv. The research instrument v. Validity and reliability of the instrument vi. Research procedure vii. Data analysis Research Design This research was due by employing the use of well designed questionnaire to elicit in

Police Profiling Theory essays

Police Profiling Theory essays In theory there is a rational difference between police profiling' and racial discrimination'. However, in actuality this distinction is open to suspicion of racial and other biases towards minorities and marginalized communities and cultures. The profiler is often seen as a discriminator who tags' and targets certain groups or ethnic and racial groupings with pre- determined ideas about their qualities and attributes. It is the significance of the creation of pre-determined views that creates the There is no doubt that the essential basis of all prejudice is pre- determined thought and actions. By having pre-determined ideas about a class or group of people one is automatically and by definition prejudiced towards that group or racial class. This is the basis of the negative response that has emerged in recent years to the practice of police profiling. Profiling is seen in practice as another form of discrimination, marginalization and prejudice. On the other hand, the authorities claim that profiling is not intended to be prejudicial but is rather a practical and important part of police work and an attempt to reduce crime. It is in essence a tool that allows the police to isolate criminals in a rapid and effective way. The practice of police profiling has a contentious and criticism-filled history that persists to the present day. Profiling, as part of the history of racial and minority discrimination, has a long history in America. Many scholars point out that in fact profiling, as a form prejudice and discrimination, started long before the present debate on police profiling. The interactive relationship between race, space, and policing has been of social and political significance since the earliest days of American history. Monitoring the mov...

Types of Feature Stories for Journalists

Types of Feature Stories for Journalists Just as there are different kinds of hard-news stories  in journalism, there are several types of feature stories. Often described as soft news, a feature story doesnt deliver the news directly, as a hard-news story does. A feature story, while containing elements of news, aims to humanize, add color, educate, entertain, and illuminate, says Media-Studies.ca. These stories often build on news that was reported in a previous news cycle. Examples of feature stories include news features, profiles, spot features, trend stories, and live-ins. Feature stories can be found in the main news section of a newspaper, especially if they profile a person or group currently in the news. But they are also likely to be found in sections farther back in the paper- in lifestyles, entertainment, sports, or business sections. They also can be found in other news formats, such as radio, television, and the Internet. News Feature The news feature is just what the name implies: a feature article that focuses on a topic in the news. News features are often published in the main news, or A section, or the local news, or B section, of a paper. These stories focus on hard-news topics but arent deadline stories. They bring a softer writing style to hard news. These articles often are people stories, focusing on individuals behind the news, and they often seek to humanize a set of statistics. A news feature could claim, for example, that a community is experiencing a methamphetamine epidemic. It would begin by citing facts such as  arrest statistics  from local, state, or federal authorities or treatment numbers from area hospitals and drug counselors. Then it might include quotes and information from people involved in different aspects of the story, such as police, emergency room doctors, drug counselors, and meth addicts. This kind of feature story focuses not on a single crime, drug-induced death, or meth-related arrest; instead, it briefly tells the story of one or more of the above-mentioned characters, such as recovering meth addicts. The news feature seeks to put a human face on a crime statistic to bring the story to life for readers and inform them of potential problems with the issue. Profile A profile is an article about an individual, such as a politician, celebrity, athlete, or CEO. Profiles seek to give readers behind-the-scenes looks at what a person is like, warts and all, behind the public persona. Profile articles provide background about the individual: education, life experiences, and challenges faced in getting where he or she is now, as well as basic information such as age, marital status, and family details, including the number of siblings and children. A profile can appear in any section of the paper, from the A section to the business section. For example, in 2016, The Orange County Register ran a feature story on Carl Karcher, the late founder of Carls Jr. The story, written by reporter Nancy Luna, described how Karcher started the fast-food restaurant, which specializes in hamburgers, on July 17, 1941, by selling 10-cent hot dogs, tamales, and chili dogs out of a cart on a street corner in Los Angeles, California. He financed a $326 food cart by mortgaging his Plymouth Super Deluxe for $311, Luna wrote. He paid the rest in cash. The remainder of the article told how Karcher rose from being a poor Ohio farm boy with an eighth-grade education to the owner of one of the most successful fast-food chains in the country. Karcher had passed away in 2008, so Luna interviewed a restaurant official to obtain background information. Spot Feature Spot features are feature stories produced on deadline that focus on a breaking news event. They are often used as sidebars to the mainbar, the deadline news story about an event. Suppose a tornado hits a community. The mainbar would focus on the five Ws and H of the story- the who, what, when, where, why, and how- including the number of casualties, the extent of damage, and rescue efforts. Complementing the mainbar, the paper might publish one or more spot features focusing on various aspects of the event. One story might describe the scene at an emergency shelter where displaced residents were housed. Another might reflect on past tornadoes that have devastated the community. Yet another might examine weather conditions that led to the storm. The paper could publish dozens of spot features depending on the severity of the event. While the main news story would be written in a hard-news style, the spot features would convey a softer feature style, focusing on the human toll of the tragedy. Trend The trend story would likely appear in the lifestyle, fashion, cooking, high-tech, or entertainment section. These stories explore trends such as a new look in womens fall fashions, a website or tech gadget that everyones going nuts over, an indie band attracting a cult following, or a show on an obscure cable channel thats suddenly hot. Trend stories take the pulse of the culture at the moment, looking at whats new, fresh, and exciting in art, fashion, film, music, high technology, cooking, and other areas. Trend stories are usually light, quick, easy-to-read pieces that capture the spirit of whatever trend is being discussed. Live-In The live-in is an in-depth, often magazine-length article that paints a picture of a particular place and the people who work or live there. Live-in stories might appear in the lifestyle section of the paper or in a magazine that the paper publishes occasionally, such as once a week or once a month. Live-ins have been written about homeless shelters, emergency rooms, battlefield encampments, cancer hospices, public schools, and police precincts. Live-in pieces are often a day-in-the-life or week-in-the-life stories that give readers a look at a place they probably wouldnt normally encounter. Reporters doing live-ins must spend a lot of time in the places theyre writing about, hence the name live-in. Thats how they get a sense of the places rhythm and atmosphere. Reporters have spent days, weeks, even months doing live-ins (some have been turned into books). The live-in in some ways is the ultimate feature story: an example of the reporter- and, then, the reader- becoming immersed in the topic. Though they might have different names, depending on the medium, these types of stories are just as likely to appear on a TV screen, radio station, or Internet website, serving readers, listeners, and viewers in much the same way as they do newspaper readers: by adding depth, humanity, color, and entertainment to the news of the day.

Group Thinking Action Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 3

Group Thinking Action - Essay Example I have a friend who is an American, born and raised there. I remember after the planes crashed on 9/11 then the new word to figure out for word was, â€Å"Muslim† and â€Å"terrorist.† In America and in most parts of the world the word terrorist is negative and doesn’t mean that the person is part of a particular country’s armed services. I remember a few months ago when I was talking to my friend who believes in the Koran and thus in America and around the world labeled as a â€Å"Muslim†. We were writing back and forth about the Islamic faith and he replied in one mail not to send the mail to every one of my lists. He did not the government to be reading his mail. Now, why would my friend be terrified by the fact that he is American who happens to believe in the Islam faith? â€Å"Group Think† comes into play here. This type of thinking is dangerous and can only lead people and societies down dangerous paths. If all of Americans come to believe that Islam is some crazy cult and creates â€Å"terrorists† then my friends could become a threat in thinking and in the minds of many Americans. This thinking creates negative stereotypes of outsiders. These stereotypes may be totally false. This type of think places me versus you which can create divisions and ignorance in a particular society. If you add anger and vengeance as feelings that are attached to a type of thinking, then this becomes very dangerous.   This may sound silly to you but â€Å"Group Think† gets at the idea of delusions and illusions. If someone is severely delusional and illusional than psychologists might be called in to start treatment.